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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(3): 211-218, jun. 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125072

ABSTRACT

La terapia endovascular (TEV) es el tratamiento estándar del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico (ACVi) con oclusión de gran vaso (OGVC). Aún no se conoce si esos resultados pueden generalizarse a la práctica diaria. Se describen los resultados de la TEV en pacientes con ACVi por OGVC dentro de las 24 horas, en un análisis retrospectivo entre enero 2013 y diciembre 2017 que incluyó 139 casos consecutivos con ACVi y OGVC en arteria cerebral media (ACM), hasta 24 horas del inicio de los síntomas, que recibieron TEV en nuestra institución. El resultado primario medido fue la escala de Rankin modificada (mRS) ≤ 2 a 90 días. Se evaluaron también: reperfusión exitosa, según la escala modificada de trombólisis en infarto cerebral (mTICI) 2b/3, hemorragia intracraneal sintomática (HIS) y mortalidad a 90 días. La edad media: 67.5 ± 15.0, siendo el 51.8% mujeres. La mediana basal de National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) fue 14 (IIC 8-18); la mediana del tiempo desde inicio de síntomas hasta punción inguinal: 331 min (IIC 212-503). El 45.3%, 63 pacientes, fueron tratados > 6 horas después del inicio de síntomas. La tasa de mRS ≤ 2 fue 47.5%. Se logró una reperfusión exitosa en el 74.8%. La tasa de mortalidad a 90 días fue del 18.7% y la HIS del 7.9%. Nuestro registro de pacientes de la vida real con ACVi por OGVC tratados con TEV dentro de las 24 horas mostró altas tasas de reperfusión, buenos resultados funcionales y pocas complicaciones, acorde con las recomendaciones internacionales.


Endovascular treatment (EVT) has become the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with proximal large vessel occlusions (LVO). However, it is still unknown whether these results can be generalized to clinical practice. We aimed to perform a retrospective review of patients who received EVT up to 24 hours, and to assess safety and efficacy in everyday clinical practice. We performed a retrospective analysis, from January 2013 to December 2017, on 139 consecutive patients with AIS for anterior circulation LVO strokes up to 24 h from symptoms onset, who received EVT in our institution. The primary outcome measured was a modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤ 2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included successful reperfusion, defined as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) scale 2b/3, mortality rate at 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The mean age was 67.5 ± 15.0, with 51.8% female patients. Median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 14 (IQR 8-18); median time from symptom onset to groin puncture was 331 min (IQR 212-503). Sixty-three patients (45.3%) were treated beyond 6 hours after symptoms onset. The rate of mRS ≤ 2 was 47.5%. Successful reperfusion was achieved in 74.8 %. Mortality rate at 90 days was 18.7 % and sICH was 7.9 %. Our registry of real-life patients with AIS due to LVO who received EVT within 24 hours showed high reperfusion rates, and good functional results with few complications, according to international recommendations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Stroke/surgery , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/surgery , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Argentina , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Brain Ischemia/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Stroke/mortality , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/mortality , Endovascular Procedures/mortality
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(3): 342-347, Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041041

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Background: To compare the treatment efficacy of different types of endovascular mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Material and Methods: A total of 89 patients with AIS were selected in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 and divided into tPA group (n=27), tPA+Trevo group (n=30) and tPA+Solitaire FR group (n=32) for different treatments. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated using NIHSS and mRS system. The NIHSS score, vascular recanalization rate and postoperative complications were compared among groups. Results: The NIHSS score of the tPA group was significantly lower than that of other two groups at 1 d after the operation (p < 0.05), but it was significantly higher than that of other two groups at 3 d and 3 w after the operation (p < 0.05). After the treatment, no significant difference in NIHSS score was found between the tPA+Trevo and tPA Solitaire FR groups. The revascularization rate was significantly higher, but the mortality rate in 90 d was significantly lower in the tPA+Trevo and tPA+Solitaire FR groups than that in the tPA group (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was found between the tPA+Trevo and tPA+Solitaire FR groups. The incidence rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was significantly lower in the tPA+Solitaire FR group than that in tPA+Trevo group (p < 0.05) or tPA group (p < 0.01). Significantly more patients with mRS no higher than 2 points were found in the tPA+Trevo and tPA+Solitaire FR groups than those in tPA group (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was found between the tPA+Trevo and tPA+Solitaire FR groups. Conclusion: TPA+Solitaire FR is a type of thrombectomy that is superior to tPA and tPA+Trevo in the treatment of patients with AIS.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Comparar a eficácia do tratamento de diferentes tipos de embolectomia mecânica endovascular em acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo (AIS). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Um total de 89 pacientes com AIS foi selecionado em nosso hospital de janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2016, e os pacientes foram divididos em: grupo tPA (n = 27), tPA + grupo Trevo (n = 30) e grupo tPA + Solitaire FR (n = 32) para diferentes tratamentos. A eficácia do tratamento foi avaliada usando NIHSS e sistema mRS. Escore NIHSS, taxa de recanalização vascular e complicações pós-operatórias foram comparados entre os grupos. RESULTADOS A pontuação NIHSS do grupo tPA foi significativamente menor do que a dos outros dois grupos em um dia após a operação (p < 0,05), mas foi significativamente maior do que nos outros dois grupos em três dias e três semanas após a operação (p < 0,05). Após o tratamento, não houve diferença significativa no escore NIHSS entre o grupo tPA + Trevo e o grupo tPA Solitaire FR. A taxa de revascularização foi significativamente maior, mas a taxa de mortalidade em 90 dias foi significativamente menor nos grupos tPA + Trevo e tPA + Solitaire FR do que no grupo tPA (p < 0,05) e não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos tPA + Trevo e tPA + Solitaire FR. A taxa de incidência de hemorragia intracraniana sintomática foi significativamente menor no grupo tPA + Solitaire FR do que no grupo tPA + Trevo (p < 0,05) ou no grupo tPA (p < 0,01). Significativamente mais pacientes com mRS não maiores que 2 pontos foram encontrados no grupo tPA + Trevo e tPA + Solitaire FR do que no grupo tPA (p < 0,05), e nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os grupos tPA + Trevo e tPA + Solitaire FR. Conclusão O tPA + Solitaire FR é um tipo de trombectomia superior ao tPA e tPA + Trevo no tratamento de pacientes com EIA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Embolectomy/methods , Stroke/surgery , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Postoperative Complications , Cerebral Angiography/mortality , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Embolectomy/instrumentation , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Endovascular Procedures/instrumentation , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(6): 613-623, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977406

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: The emerging use of endovascular therapies for acute ischemic stroke, like intra-arterial thrombectomy, compels a better understanding of the anesthetic management required and its impact in global outcomes. This article reviews the available data on the anesthetic management of endovascular treatment, comparing general anesthesia with conscious sedation, the most used modalities, in terms of anesthetic induction and procedure duration, patient mobility, occlusion location, hemodynamic parameters, outcome and safety; it also focuses on the state-of-the-art on physiologic and pharmacologic neuroprotection. Contents: Most of the evidence on this topic is retrospective and contradictory, with only three small randomized studies to date. Conscious sedation was frequently associated with better outcomes, but the prospective evidence declared that it has no advantage over general anesthesia concerning that issue. Conscious sedation is at least as safe as general anesthesia for the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke, with equivalent mortality and fewer complications like pneumonia, hypotension or extubation difficulties. It has, however, a higher frequency of patient agitation and movement, which is the main cause for conversion to general anesthesia. Conclusions: General anesthesia and conscious sedation are both safe alternatives for anesthetic management of patients submitted to endovascular thrombectomy. No anesthetic management is universally recommended and hopefully the ongoing randomized clinical trials will shed some light on the best approach; meanwhile, the choice of anesthesia should be based on the patient's individual characteristics. Regarding neuroprotection, hemodynamic stability is currently the most important strategy, as no pharmacological method has been proven effective in humans.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O uso emergente de terapias endovasculares para acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo, como a trombectomia intra-arterial, nos obriga a uma compreensão melhor do manejo anestésico necessário e seu impacto nos resultados globais. Este artigo revisa os dados disponíveis sobre o manejo anestésico do tratamento endovascular, comparando anestesia geral com sedação consciente, as modalidades mais utilizadas, quanto à indução anestésica e duração do procedimento, mobilidade do paciente, localização da oclusão, parâmetros hemodinâmicos, desfecho e segurança; abordando também o estado da arte da neuroproteção fisiológica e farmacológica. Conteúdo: A maioria das evidências sobre esse tópico é retrospectiva e contraditória, com apenas três pequenos estudos randômicos realizados até o momento. A sedação consciente foi frequentemente associada a melhores resultados, mas as evidências prospectivas indicaram que não há vantagem sobre a anestesia geral em relação a essa questão. A sedação consciente é no mínimo tão segura como a anestesia geral para o tratamento endovascular do AVC isquêmico agudo, com mortalidade equivalente e menos complicações, como pneumonia, hipotensão ou extubações difíceis. Porém, a sedação consciente apresenta uma frequência maior de agitação e movimento do paciente, sendo a principal causa de conversão para a anestesia geral. Conclusões: Anestesia geral e sedação consciente são alternativas seguras para o manejo anestésico de pacientes submetidos à trombectomia endovascular. Não há um manejo anestésico que seja universalmente recomendado e esperamos que os ensaios clínicos randomizados em andamento possam lançar alguma luz sobre a melhor abordagem; enquanto isso, a escolha da anestesia deve basear-se nas características individuais do paciente. Em relação à neuroproteção, a estabilidade hemodinâmica é atualmente a estratégia mais importante, uma vez que nenhum método farmacológico se mostrou eficaz em humanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Conscious Sedation , Thrombectomy , Stroke/surgery , Endovascular Procedures , Anesthesia, General , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Brain Ischemia/complications , Treatment Outcome , Stroke/etiology
4.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 43(1): 23-33, July 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869776

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El manejo actual de la isquemia cerebral aguda (IA) contempla el uso de r-tPA y terapia endovascular, mientrasque en la isquemia cerebral crónica (IC) la mejor terapia aún no está definida. La revascularización cerebral microquirúrgicaha sido descrita como tratamiento alternativo para pacientes con IA y contraindicación para r-tPA o terapia endovascular, asícomo para pacientes con IC en quienes la terapia médica ha fracasado. Objetivo: Comunicar la experiencia inicial en cirugíade revascularización cerebral, con énfasis en la utilidad de la embolectomía microquirúrgica y del bypass cerebral comoterapia de rescate en IA, así como del bypass cerebral en IC. Pacientes y Método: Serie prospectiva de 5 pacientes conisquemia cerebral tratados con cirugía de revascularización cerebral en el período 2013 a 2016. Se describe la técnica y resultadosquirúrgicos, así como el estado funcional a los 3, 6 y 12 meses de seguimiento según modified Rankin Scale (mRS)...


Background: Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) and mechanical thrombectomy are today the best treatment approachfor acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the best management for chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is still debated. Microsurgicalrevascularization has been described as alternative treatment for patients with AIS and contraindication for t-PA orendovascular therapy, and for patients with CCI and failure of maximal medical therapy. Aim: To describe the effectiveness ofmicrosurgical embolectomy and cerebral bypass as salvage therapy in AIS, as well as cerebral bypass in CCI. Methods: Fivepatients were treated by cerebral revascularization between 2013 and 2016. Surgical and functional results were analyzed.Neurological outcomes were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3, 6 & 12 months...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Embolectomy/methods , Moyamoya Disease/complications , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Brain Ischemia/complications , Reperfusion Injury , Cerebral Revascularization/methods , Stroke/complications , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Carotid Artery, Internal , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Middle Cerebral Artery , Treatment Outcome
5.
Clin. biomed. res ; 37(2): 91-96, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-847960

ABSTRACT

Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and the ischemic modality is responsible for the majority of these events. Despite its high occurrence and potentially unfavorable prognosis, the management options were scarce and barely effective until recent times, when a relatively new endovascular intervention with demonstrated superior efficacy as compared with that of classic management was reported in the medical literature. The theoretical basis of this study was conducted through research in virtual databases Public MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) using associations among the keywords "acute ischemic stroke", "ischemic stroke", "thrombectomy", "endovascular," and "intra-arterial thrombectomy". Clinical trials, meta-analysis, and pertinent literature reviews published in the last two years were reviewed and 14 articles were selected for complete and critical evaluations. The results of the randomized clinical trials, consequences of implantation of the intra-arterial thrombectomy as routine management for eligible groups, cost-effectiveness, and the most related complications and outcomes associated with the procedure are critically explored throughout this study (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Stroke/surgery , Thrombectomy/methods , Endovascular Procedures , Thrombectomy/adverse effects , Thrombectomy/economics
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(1): 67-74, Jan. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772598

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Few patients benefit from the current standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), encouraging the development of new treatments. Objective To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and/or safety of endovascular thrombectomy in AIS compared to standard treatment and to identify ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Method Searches for RCTs were performed in Medline/Embase, and for ongoing trials: International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov and ISRCTN registry (to June 15th, 2015). Results From the eight published RCTs, five showed the superiority of treatment that includes thrombectomy compared to standard care alone. From the 13 ongoing RCTs, 3 have been halted, one has not started, one has unknown status and eight will end between 2016 - 2020. Conclusion Evidence favours a combination of the standard therapy with endovascular thrombectomy. The selection criteria however limit the number of people who can benefit. Further studies are needed to prove its cost-effectiveness.


RESUMO Poucos pacientes se beneficiam do atual tratamento para o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo (AVCIA), incentivando o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos. Objetivo Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a eficácia e/ou segurança da trombectomia endovascular (TE) em AVCIA comparado com tratamento padrão (TP) e identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados (ECR) atualmente em andamento. Método Buscas por ECRs foram conduzidas no Medline,Embase, International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov e no ISRCTN registry (to June 15th, 2015). Resultados Oito ECRs publicados foram identificados, dos quais cinco mostraram superioridade do tratamento com trombectomia comparado ao TP. Dos 13 ERCs registrados, 3 foram suspensos, um não iniciou, um temstatus desconhecido e oito encerrarão recrutamento entre 2016 e 2020. Conclusão A evidência favorece a combinação do TP com a TE em relação ao TP somente. Os critérios de inclusão limitam o número daqueles que poderiam se beneficiar. Mais estudos são necessários para demonstrar o custo-efetividade desta intervenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Stroke/surgery , Thrombectomy/methods , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Brain/blood supply , Evidence-Based Practice/statistics & numerical data , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Stroke/drug therapy , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(2): 307-309, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-702622

ABSTRACT

A reconstrução do couro cabeludo, além do propósito de manutenção da forma, é de fundamental importância para a integridade do arcabouço ósseo, com o objetivo de proteção do sistema nervoso central. No presente trabalho, é descrito o caso de uma criança de 1 ano e 5 meses de idade, com lesão de espessura total do couro cabeludo, presença de áreas de isquemia na região da calota craniana após infecção e ausência de periósteo. Foram realizados, em regime de urgência, desbridamento da lesão, lavagem com soro fisiológico a 9% e curativo com pomada de sulfadiazina de prata, durante dois dias. Posteriormente, o paciente foi levado ao centro cirúrgico para realização de múltiplas microperfurações da tábua externa do crânio. Foi realizado curativo com gaze raiom embebida em emulsão de petrolatum, que foi retirada no sétimo dia de pós-operatório, acompanhado de cobertura antibiótica. Finalmente, no décimo dia de pós-operatório, foi realizado enxerto de pele parcial, com obtenção de resultado estético satisfatório.


Scalp reconstruction aims to achieve an appropriate appearance and is fundamentally important to the integrity of the skeletal structure to protect the central nervous system. The present work describes the case of a child aged 1 year and 5 months with a total-thickness lesion of the scalp presenting with ischemic areas in the cranial calotte and absence of periosteum after infection. The lesion was urgently debrided, washed with 9% normal saline, and dressed with silver sulfadiazine ointment for 2 days. The patient was subsequently transferred to the surgical center, and multiple perforations were made in the outer table of the skull. A dressing was made with rayon gauze soaked with petrolatum emulsion and removed 7 days after the surgery accompanied by antibiotic administration. Finally, 10 days after surgery, split-thickness skin grafting was performed, and satisfactory aesthetic results were obtained.


Subject(s)
Cricetinae , Scalp/surgery , Scalp/injuries , Skull/surgery , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Postoperative Care , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Esthetics , Methods , Patients
8.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2010 Aug; 64(8) 385-389
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145557

ABSTRACT

The estimated incidence of aortic dissection ranges from 5 to 30 cases per million per year. Nearly 38% of cases are missed at an initial presentation due to the wide range of clinical symptoms. We report a survivor of an inadvertent thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke, secondary to aortic dissection.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aorta/surgery , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve/transplantation , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/epidemiology , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Brain Ischemia/therapy , White People , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Review Literature as Topic , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/epidemiology , Stroke/surgery , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(3a): 664-667, set. 2006. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435609

ABSTRACT

Posterior fossa ischemia is not a very frequent situation. It is responsible for about 25 percent of all ischemic strokes, and the vast majority of the cases are related to atherosclerotic stenosis of the vertebral and/or basilar arteries. Acute ischemia can also occur in the setting of vertebral artery dissection, traumatic or spontaneous. Recently, blunt trauma has been increasingly recognized as a cause for craniocervical artery injury. The management options for both traumatic and atherosclerotic lesions of the posterior fossa are still under debate. We present a case of a delayed onset of hemodynamic ischemic symptoms due to bilateral vertebral artery occlusion probably related to remote trauma to the head and neck in a 55-year-old-man treated successfully with extracranial to intracranial bypass.


Acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) isquêmicos no sistema vertebro-basilar não são frequentes. Representam cerca de 25 por cento dos AVCs isquêmicos, e a maioria é relacionada com aterosclerose das artérias vertebrais e/ou basilar. Isquemia aguda pode também ser resultado de dissecções da artéria vertebral, traumáticas ou espontâneas. Recentemente, traumatismos fechados têm sido cada vez mais reconhecidos como causa de lesão das artérias craniocervicais, podendo ou não resultar em sintomas isquêmicos. O tratamento para estas lesões, sejam traumáticas ou ateroscleróticas, ainda é motivo de debate. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 55 anos com sintomas isquêmicos, hemodinâmicos, tardios, devido a oclusão bilateral das artérias vertebrais, provavelmente relacionada a lesão traumática das artérias vertebrais, tratada com sucesso com bypass extra-intracraniano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Cerebral Revascularization/methods , Vertebral Artery , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/complications , Arterial Occlusive Diseases , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Brain Ischemia , Cerebral Angiography , Treatment Outcome
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2a): 342-348, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-429712

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta as conclusões sobre revascularização clínica e intervencionista no acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo, um dos temas discutidos na reunião "Opinião Nacional sobre o Tratamento do AVC". Tratou-se de reunião promovida e coordenada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, com neurologistas especializados em doenças cerebrovasculares, que analisaram e discutiram as evidências e experiências atuais sobre o uso de trombólise e técnicas intervencionistas em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia , Cerebral Revascularization , Stroke , Thrombolytic Therapy , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/administration & dosage , Acute Disease , Brazil , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Clinical Protocols , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Societies, Medical , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/drug therapy , Stroke/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(2A): 330-333, jun. 2004. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-361362

ABSTRACT

A anastomose extra-intracraniana pode ser utilizada em casos selecionados de insuficiência vascular encefálica refratária ao tratamento clínico. Descrevemos um caso de isquemia encefálica em território de artéria cerebral média direita devida à oclusão da artéria carótida interna homolateral com conseqüente redução da perfusão e reserva vascular nos hemisférios frontal e parietal. Apesar do tratamento clínico, a melhora do déficit motor estava relacionada diretamente com a manutenção de níveis tensionais sistêmicos elevados pelo uso de vasopressor. Após anastomose extra-intracraniana término-lateral entre as artérias temporal superficial e cerebral média direita, houve melhora significativa da perfusão cerebral com remissão do déficit motor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Cerebral Revascularization , Middle Cerebral Artery/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Arterial Occlusive Diseases , Brain Ischemia , Carotid Artery, Internal , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Middle Cerebral Artery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 16(1): 5-14, jan.-mar. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-281583

ABSTRACT

Many experimental surgerical procedures have been perfomed in the analyse of the phenomenon of brain trophism and plasticity, however undesirable intercorrence can occour leading to specific changes in the results that should be taken into attention. To study this issue we have promoted a transient cardiogenic interruption of the blood flow together with a transient occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) in rats and analysed the state of activation of astrocyte and microglia by means of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and OX42 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Rats were submitted to incomplete global cerebral ischemia (IGCI) by occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries for 30 minutes. During the IGCI surgical, some rats received a higher dose of the chloral hydrate anaesthesia which promoted a cardiogenic interruption of the blood flow (CIBF) for a period of 10 minutes followed by and prompt reperfusion. During that period, animals were submited to a cardiac massage and ventilated. Sham operation were made in control animals. Rats were killed and their brains processed 14 days after the surgery. The animals that have received a IGCI showed a slight astroglial and microglial reaction in all subfields of the hippocampal formation, however the animal submitted to CIBF showed a massive infiltration of the reactive astrocyte and microglia in CA1 subfield. This results demonstrated that a transient occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries leads to activation of glial cells in the hippocampus, however this response can be remarkable changed in animal developing a transient systemic hypoperfusion during surgery. Thus, an accurated monitoration of the hemodinamic condition of the animal has to be done in experimental models of brain ischemia and the results have to be analysed in view of this aspect.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Shock, Cardiogenic/surgery , Hippocampus , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis , Astrocytes/drug effects , Immunohistochemistry , Microglia/drug effects
14.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 37(4): 208-12, out.-dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-286401

ABSTRACT

Pacientes cardiopatas complicados com isquemia cerebral e insuficiência cardíaca necessitam terapia nutricional enteral prolongada por se apresentarem em situaçäo de risco nutricional. Complicaçöes advindas do uso prolongado da sonda nasoenteral poderiam ser evitadas com a execuçäo da gastrotonomia endoscópica. Esta é alternativa técnica para acesso ao tubo digestivo em nutriçäo enteral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo de indicaçäo para gastronomia endoscópica em pacientes com nutriçäo enteral com uso de sonda nasoenteral e as principais complicaçöes do procedimento. Doze pacientes foram submetidos a gastronomia endoscópica, sendo oito do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 62,42 + 22,10 anos. A indicaçäo principal foi síndrome isquêmica cerebral após parada cardiorespiratória por patologia clínica (sete pacientes) ou cirurgia cardiovascular complicada (cinco). O tempo médio para indicaçäo da gastronomia endoscópica foi de 35,58 + 26,79 dias após introduçäo da nutriçäo enteral. Näo houve intercorrências com o procedimento e, no período pós-operatório tardio, ocorreu infecçäo do orificio de inserçäo da gastronomia endoscópica em um caso, resolvida com cuidados locais. Em conclusäo, a gastronomia endoscópica é tecnica segura, com baixa incidência de complicaçöes. Pode ser realizada em ambulatórios, no leite do paciente, ou em centro de terapia intensiva e sua indicaçäo deveria ser mais precoce.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Gastrostomy/methods , Heart Diseases/surgery , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Cardiac Output, Low/etiology , Cardiac Output, Low/surgery , Cardiac Output, Low/therapy , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Gastrostomy/adverse effects , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/therapy , Time Factors
15.
Metro cienc ; 7(1): 5-8, mar. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-249696

ABSTRACT

Se ha reportado que la incidencia de complicaciones neurológicas después de cirugía cardíaca con circulación extracorporea está entre el 0 y 40 por ciento. Las causas principales de dichas complicaciones están relacionadas con la homeostasis cerebral. En el presente trabajo revisamos los efectos de la temperatura el tipo de flujo, el arresto circulatorio hipotérmico, la perfusión cerebral retrogada y otras formas de protección cerebral cuando se presentan estas complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia/complications , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Homeostasis
16.
Rev. argent. cir ; 70(5): 129-38, mayo 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-172512

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la evaluación retrospectiva de 69 procedimientos de endarterectomía carotídea intervenidos entre el 1 de enero de 1990 y el 30 de junio de 1995, con el objeto de analizar los fundamentos que avalan la indicación de cirugía carotídea prescindiendo de la arteriografía contrastada preoperatoria. Solamente se analizaron pacientes sintomáticos con lesiones críticas (entre 80 y 99 por ciento), descartando aquellos con otra patología extracarotídea. Todos se estudiaron con examen clínico, ecodoppler color, arteriografía contrastada y tomografía axial computarizada de cerebro. La correspondencia entre arteriografía y duplex scanning para la detección de estenosis severa fue de 94,2 por ciento (65/69). Hubo discordancia en el rango de 99 a 100 por ciento tanto en detección de permeabilidad como de oclusión. En las lesiones severas de la carótida interna, el porcentaje de estenosis es el dato más importante para convalidar la indicación quirúrgica y el ecodoppler lo determina con gran precisión. El examen clínico, la tomografía de cerebro y el ecodoppler pueden en su conjunto perfeccionar la indicación de arteriografía preoperatoria, de modo de hacerla selectiva y no rutinaria


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Angiography/standards , Carotid Arteries/surgery , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Endarterectomy, Carotid , Carotid Stenosis/surgery , Ischemic Attack, Transient/surgery , Carotid Arteries , Carotid Arteries , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Endarterectomy, Carotid/standards , Carotid Stenosis/classification , Carotid Stenosis/diagnosis , Ischemic Attack, Transient/classification , Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnosis
17.
In. Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social. Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Memorias. Congreso de Aniversario. Cuidando la Salud de los Trabajadores. Quito, IESS, 1996. p.210.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-188805
19.
Actas cardiovasc ; 7(1): 60-4, 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-235126

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta presentación fue evaluar por ecodoppler la incidencia de re-estenosis tardía en la endarterectomía carotídea (EC) y su repercusión en la clínica. Material y mátodos: entre julio de 1987 y junio de 1994 se operaron 87 pacientes sintomáticos, a quienes se les realizaron 99 EC por presentar estenosis significativas y/o placas ulceradas. La metodología de estudio se basó en la tríada ecodoppler de vasos de cuello, tomografía axial computada (TAC) cerebral y angiografía extra intracerebral. Todos fueron operados con anestesia general utilizando barbitúricos, shunts endoluminales y anticoagulación. El procedimiento consistió en EC con cierre primario y fijación de la íntima distal (40,4 por ciento). El control del ecodoppler se realizó a los 3 y 12 meses de la cirugía, repitiéndose anualmente. Resultados: 3 pacientes fallecieron en el postoperatorio (PO) inmediato (2 por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y 1 en PO de resección aneurismática toracoabdominal), 9 pacientes fallecieron en el PO alejado (1 por ACV homolateral y por causas no relacionadas), 8 se perdieron después del año. Hubo 2 ACV sin re-estenosis (1 contralateral). Ocho pacientes presentaron re-estenosis a partir del primer año (7,81 por ciento). De las mismas, 5 se mantuvieron estables, 2 retrogradaron y sólo 1 progresó hacia la oclusión, sin presentar manifestaciones neurológicas. Discusión: dado que la re-estenosis carotídea en general se produce tempranamente, es de comportamiento benigno y permanece estable durante un largo período de seguimiento, tal vez sea necesario redefinir nuevos criterios de evaluación postoperatoria, analizando la relación costo-beneficio de los mismos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Endarterectomy, Carotid/statistics & numerical data , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial , Blindness/etiology , Blindness/surgery , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Cerebrovascular Disorders/surgery , Carotid Stenosis/surgery , Carotid Stenosis/diagnosis , Ischemic Attack, Transient/surgery , Recurrence , Risk Factors
20.
In. Secretaria Regional de Salud. Jornada Regional de Residencia Medica. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Secretaria Regional de Salud, ene. 1994. p.249-58, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-151434
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